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Surgery is a field of medicine that studies diseases and methods of their surgical treatment. Surgery is one of the oldest medical directions, which has been constantly improved and complicated.
During the development of surgery, its independent directions have emerged:
- eye surgery;
- cardiovascular surgery;
- thoracic surgery;
- abdominal surgery;
- neurosurgery;
- reconstructive surgery;
- plastic surgery and many others.
Methods of surgical intervention
Modern surgery uses several methods of surgical intervention, namely:
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Classical surgery is used in a situation where full access to any organ is required. For this purpose, an extensive tissue incision is made;
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Minimally invasive surgery is one of the most demanded methods of surgical intervention at the present time. It allows you to minimize external tissue damage and the degree of injury to the patient. Surgeons apply minimally invasive surgery for this purpose: Laparoscopy - surgery is performed through one or more holes / punctures that allow the instrument to be inserted into the cavity; Endosurgery - surgery is done through natural pathways (for example, into the stomach through the esophagus); Microsurgery - uses optical magnification, reduced size instruments and the finest suture material. The use of this technology makes it possible to carry out operations on such a fragile surface as the eye.
What diseases does a surgeon treat?
- Diseases of the musculoskeletal system: arthrosis, bursitis, trauma to bones and joints;
- Bowel diseases: hemorrhoids, polyp, anal fissure;
- Oncological diseases: lipoma, cyst, cancer, myoma;
- Skin diseases: furuncle, necrosis, trophic ulcer, varicose veins;
- Gynecological diseases: tubal obstruction, ectopic pregnancy;
- Cardiovascular diseases: ischemic heart disease, heart disease;
- Diseases of internal organs: appendicitis, peptic ulcer, cholelithiasis;
- Birth defects: cleft lip, cleft palate, vestigial organs.
Any part and organ of the human body can be subjected to surgical treatment, subject to appropriate indications.
Types of surgeries
By the goal of the surgical intervention, they are divided into:
- Removal - when an organ that cannot be treated (or a tumor) is removed, etc.;
- Reconstructive - carried out with the aim of restoring the normal functioning of the organ;
- Reconstructive - carried out to restore the work of a lost or deformed part of the body;
- Aesthetic - performs operations to harmonize the patient's appearance. As a rule, this includes plastic surgeries that patients perform at their own request.
By the nature of the surgery, they are divided into:
- Diagnostic. These are operations in which a previously made diagnosis is made or specified. In some cases, a diagnostic operation is the only way to make an accurate diagnosis, for example, endoscopy, puncture, etc. ;
- Radical. These are operations that are carried out in order to eliminate the pathological process in the body;
- Palliative. Operations that make it possible to somewhat improve the work of the affected organ, remove dead tissue, and, in fact, relieve the patient's condition for a certain period of time.
When do you need to consult a surgeon?
- Acute abdominal pain that does not improve with antispasmodics;
- Any growths under the skin and on the skin;
- Lumps in the area of the mammary glands;
- Suppuration, tissue necrosis;
- Injuries, burns, non-healing wounds, including after operations;
- Ingestion of a foreign body into the gastrointestinal tract;
- Ingrown toenail, etc.
Planned surgery
The process of treating the disease with indications for a planned surgical operation consists of several stages:
- Preparatory stage. It consists in collecting tests, conducting additional examinations: blood, urine, sexually transmitted diseases, hepatitis, ultrasound, X-ray, etc.;
- Introduction of anesthesia;
- Surgical operation - incision, treatment process, suture placement;
- Recovery period. This is a period of rehabilitation, during which the suture grows together, the patient is restored, returning to everyday life, or adaptation to new living conditions occurs, if necessary.
Currently, surgery has great potential for the treatment of a wide range of diseases.
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